世界首台，掘爆机“翔龙号”在武汉诞生
World’s First Boring and Blasting Machine “Xianglong” Unveiled in Wuhan
极目新闻记者 陆缘
Jimu News reporter Lu Yuan
通讯员 吴静 周婷 柯尊智 李夏 路远馨
Correspondents: Wu Jing, Zhou Ting, Ke Zunzhi, Li Xia, Lu Yuanxin
翻译 谢雅和 王林 卫拉（湖北大学）
Translators: Xie Yahe, Wang Lin, Lisa M. K (Hubei University)
8月1日，中铁科工集团武汉江夏智能制造基地内，一台直径数米的“钢铁巨兽”露出真容。由清华大学与中铁科工联合研制的世界首台掘爆机（BBM）“翔龙号”正式下线，“翔龙号”直径4.5米，长约70米，重量约400吨，如同小一号的盾构机。
On August 1, a “steel behemoth”, several meters in diameter, made its official debut at the Wuhan Jiangxia Intelligent Manufacturing Base of China Railway Science and Industry Group Co., Ltd. (CRSIC). The world’s first Boring and Blasting Machine (BBM), “Xianglong”, co-developed by Tsinghua University and CRSIC, officially rolled off the production line. Measuring 4.5 meters in diameter, approximately 70 meters in length and about 400 tons in weight, “Xianglong” resembles a scaled-down shield machine.
这台融合了隧道掘进机与钻爆法两大主流工法优势的创新装备，不仅填补了复杂地质隧道一体化施工装备领域的国际空白，更标志着我国高端地下工程装备在产学研协同攻关上取得了重大突破。
This innovative equipment integrates the strengths of two mainstream methods of tunnelling: Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) and Drill and Blast (D&B). It not only fills a gap in integrated construction equipment for tunnels in complex geological conditions, but also marks a major breakthrough in China’s high-end underground engineering equipment achieved through industry-academia-research collaboration.
打破常规，将“钻爆法”搬上“掘进机”
Breaking Convention: Boring Machines with built-in Drilling and Blasting
长期以来，在长大隧道建设中，软岩大变形与极硬岩掘进效率低是困扰行业的“两座大山”。传统硬岩掘进机（TBM）面对不良地质时适应性不足，而钻爆法则面临着安全管控压力大、效率有限的瓶颈，两种工法优势难以兼容。
For a long time, two major bottlenecks have troubled the construction of long and large tunnels: large deformation of soft rock, low excavation efficiency in extremely hard rock. Traditional Hard Rock Tunnel Boring Machines (TBM) show poor adaptability to unfavorable geology, while Drilling and Blasting is hampered by heavy safety management pressures and limited efficiency. It has been challenging to reconcile the merits of the two methods.
此次下线的掘爆机，在理念上实现了颠覆性突破。据研发团队介绍，该设备创新性地采用空心组合刀盘结构，将传统封闭式的全断面刀盘变为“环形”。这一设计看似简单，实则解决了复杂的力学与工程难题。
The newly-unveiled BBM introduces a disruptive innovation in design. According to the R&D team, the equipment adopts an innovative Hollow Combined Cutterhead, which transforms the conventional fully enclosed Full-face Cutterhead to an Annular Cutterhead. Although the design looks simple, it successfully tackled intricate mechanical and engineering challenges.
“掘爆机最大的特点，就是实现了掘进、钻爆等工法的组合。”清华大学研发团队负责人表示，通过在环形刀盘中心开辟“通道”，施工人员可以在掘进机前端灵活切换“前爆后掘”“前掘后爆”或“全断面掘进”等多种作业模式。这意味着，面对极硬岩时可以“先爆后掘”，面对软岩大变形时可以“超前加固”，真正实现了“一机多用”，打破了国外在超硬岩施工装备上的固有设计路径。
“The most distinctive feature of the BBM is its ability to combine multiple excavation methods such as boring and drill-and-blast,” said the lead researcher from Tsinghua University. With the central passage built into its annular cutterhead, the machine allows crews to flexibly switch between multiple operation modes at the machine front: pre-blasting followed by boring, pre-boring followed by blasting and full-face boring. This means that in extremely hard rock formations, the blasting-before-boring sequence can be adopted, while in large deformation of soft rock, advance reinforcement can be implemented. Thus, with its multi-functionality, the equipment breaks away from the established design paradigm of foreign-built machinery for ultra-hard rock construction.
硬核科技，从“被动停机”到“主动处置”
Cutting-edge Technology: From Reactive Shutdown to Proactive Intervention
据了解，该设备不仅解决了掘进效率问题，更着眼于施工安全与绿色环保。针对高地应力、强岩爆等极端地质风险，掘爆机搭载了超前处置模块。
According to developers, the equipment not only addresses tunnelling efficiency challenges, but also places a strong focus on construction safety and green and low-carbon construction. To tackle extreme geological hazards such as high geostress and intense rock bursts, the BBM is fitted with an advance coping module.
中铁科工技术专家介绍，设备可通过中心刀盘通道，在掌子面前方（即隧道开挖作业面）提前开展注浆加固、超前预裂或应急支护作业，从源头规避围岩塌方、设备卡机等重大安全风险。“过去遇上严重不良地质，TBM动辄卡机数月，人工处理难度极大且危险。现在我们有了中间通道，很多难题都可以超前、主动地化解。”
Technical specialists from CRSIC stated that via the central passage of the cutterhead, the equipment can implement grouting reinforcement, advance pre-splitting and emergency support ahead of the tunnel face (also known as the tunnel excavation face), so as to prevent major safety risks including surrounding rock collapse and machine jamming at the source. “In the past, Hard Rock Tunnel Boring Machines (TBM) would jam for months on end when encountering extremely challenging geology, and manual handling was extremely difficult and dangerous. Thanks to the central passage we now have, a wide range of mishaps can be proactively eliminated through advance coping methods.”
此外，设备配套的岩柱破碎装置是另一大亮点。它将开挖产生的中心岩柱就地加工成标准化建筑骨料，实现了洞渣的资源化循环利用。这一设计不仅减少了弃渣外运对环境的破坏，还将“废料”变为了“原料”，有力助推了地下工程的绿色低碳建造。
In addition, the supporting Tunnel Rock Crushing Device constitutes another core highlight of the equipment. It processes central rock mass generated during excavation into standardized construction aggregate on-site, thus repurposing tunnel muck. This design not only lessens environmental damage caused by transportation of debris, but also converts “waste materials” into usable “raw materials”, strongly boosting green and low-carbon construction for underground projects.
四年磨一剑，产学研深度融合的江夏样本
Four Years in the Making: The Jiangxia Model of Industry-University-Research Integration
从2022年概念提出到2024年试验装置下线，再到如今整机在江夏正式投产，这台掘爆机的诞生历经四年多攻关。据项目负责人回忆，仅核心部件“组合刀盘”的设计论证就耗时六七个月，历经五次大规模专家评审。“高校牵头重大技术研发，厂家配合装备制造，施工单位提供工程验证，这是产学研用一体化的典型样本。”清华大学团队表示，2024年试验装备在三类工况下均通过验证。
Conceived in 2022, the test rig rolled out in 2024, and now the full machine is in production in Jiangxia. This Boring and Blasting Machine (BBM) has been over four years in intensive development. According to the project leader, design validation for the “Composite Cutterhead”, a core component, took six to seven months on its own and cleared five rounds of extensive expert review. “Universities lead the core R&D, manufacturers handle the equipment fabrication and contractors provide field validation. This is a typical example of industry-academia-research-application integration,” the Tsinghua team said. By 2024, the test rig had passed verification under all three operating conditions.
据了解，该设备的研发与落地得到了武汉市科技创新局及江夏区的大力政策支持。中铁科工相关负责人表示，“整机及核心零部件均实现了完全自主可控，证明了我们的制造能力能支撑起任何创新设计。”
Vigorous policy support from the Wuhan Municipal Science and Technology Bureau and Jiangxia District played a key role in moving the project from lab to factory floor. A CRSIC (China Railway Science and Industry Group) executive put it: “The whole machine and its core components are entirely domestically sourced. This proves our manufacturing capacity can support any innovative design.”
按照计划，首台掘爆机即将启程，投入国家抽水蓄能电站项目开展工程示范应用。据研制方透露，团队将依托施工现场实测数据，持续进行迭代优化。未来，该技术有望推广至更大断面，设备直径可扩展至15米甚至18米级。
As planned, the first BBM is scheduled for shipment and will be deployed at a national pumped-storage hydropower plant as a demonstration project. The developer said that the team will draw on field data gathered at the construction site to drive continuous iteration and optimization. Going forward, the technology is expected to scale up to larger cross-sections, with equipment diameters expandable to 15 meters or even 18 meters.
“我们的愿景是让一切岩层难题都有破解之策。”研发团队展望道。可以预见，随着这一“大国重器”的广泛应用，我国在交通干线穿山越海、水利枢纽深埋施工、深地资源开发等重大工程领域，将拥有更为坚实的装备技术支撑，持续为高水平科技自立自强注入江夏力量。
“Our vision is to conquer every challenge the rock strata can present”, the R&D team said. Looking ahead, as this strategic national asset finds wider applications, China’s major engineering frontiers will gain more robust equipment and technology backing, including transport arteries tunneling through mountains and crossing seas, deep-buried water conservancy construction, deep-earth resource development. Jiangxia, for its part, will continue to channel its strength into the nation’s pursuit of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance.