百年前一只蝴蝶的扇翅回荡历史的余波
长阳中华虎凤蝶焕变为生态名片
Century-Old Discovery of a Rare Butterfly Lives On
Changyang’s Luehdorfia Chinensis Emerges as a Shining Ecological Symbol
极目新闻记者 刘俊华
JIMU News Reporter: Liu Junhua
通讯员 覃丹 习倩
Correspondents: Qin Dan, Xi Qian
翻译：王秀慧 尹珩 卫拉 （湖北大学）
Translated by Wang Xiuhui, Yin Heng, Lisa M. K (Hubei University)
1888年4月，一名英国博物学家在湖北长阳搜集到一只蝴蝶标本，后被昆虫学家鉴定为新物种——中华虎凤蝶。
In April 1888, a British naturalist collected a butterfly specimen in Changyang, Hubei, which was later identified by entomologists as a new species—the Luehdorfia Chinensis.
2024年3月，中国昆虫学家张松奎在长阳梧桐山找到中华虎凤蝶活体，验证了130多年前英国人的发现。
In March 2024, Zhang Songkui, a Chinese entomologist, found a living Luehdorfia Chinensis on Wutong Mountain in Changyang, validating the earlier discovery made by the British naturalist over 130 years ago.
今年春天，在梧桐山覃学柱的发动下，一支100多人组成的中华虎凤蝶保护志愿者群体，正在对这种珍稀蝴蝶进行保护。
This spring, spearheaded by Qin Xuezhu from Wutong Mountain, a team of over 100 volunteers dedicated to the protection of the Luehdorfia Chinensis was mobilized and is now working to safeguard the rare butterfly species.
梧桐山100多年间来了两拨寻蝶人
Wutong Mountain Witnesses Two Generations of Butterfly Seekers Over the Past Century
时间倒回到137年前的春天，36岁的英国人普拉特来到长阳梧桐山采集动植物和昆虫标本，其中有一只当地村民捕捉到的美丽蝴蝶，后来被英国昆虫学家鉴定为新物种，最终被命名为中华虎凤蝶。普拉特的长阳之行以及中华虎凤蝶的命名过程，现存的外国文献中均可找到详细记载。
In spring, 137 years ago, a 36-year-old British explorer Antwerp Edgar Pratt travelled to Wutong Mountain in Changyang to collect specimens of plants and insects. Among them was a striking butterfly caught by a local villager, which was later identified as a new species and ultimately named Luehdorfia Chinensis by British entomologists. Pratt’s expedition to Changyang and the process behind the butterfly’s taxonomy are all documented in archived foreign literature.
2023年3月，几名学者模样的外地人来到梧桐山，向村民陈万侨打听，是否见过一种翅膀上黄黑相间、虎斑条纹的蝴蝶。
In March 2023, a group of scholarly-looking strangers arrived at Wutong Mountain and approached a local villager, Chen Wanqiao, inquiring if he had ever encountered a butterfly with black-and-yellow striped, tiger-patterned wings.
陈万侨后来才知道，这行人中领头的是著名昆虫学家、中华虎凤蝶自然博物馆馆长张松奎。他正是通过普拉特留下的文献资料，循迹找到了梧桐山。因为当时连日大雨，张松奎一行并未找到中华虎凤蝶。不过他们在陈万侨的引领下，在山间林木中找到许多细辛（当地俗称马蹄香），那正是中华虎凤蝶喜欢栖身产卵的植物。
It was not until later that Chen Wanqiao learned the leader of this group was none other than Zhang Songkui, a renowned entomologist and the curator of the Luehdorfia Chinensis Natural History Museum. Zhang had traced his way to Wutong Mountain after consulting records left behind by Pratt. Due to continuous heavy rainfall at that time, Zhang and his team’s efforts in locating the butterfly proved unfruitful. However, under Chen’s guidance, they discovered Asarum plants—locally known as Matixiang—which serve as a critical habitat for the Luehdorfia Chinensis to rest and lay eggs.
2024年3月11日，张松奎一行再次来到梧桐山，当天下午就发现了一只中华虎凤蝶；第二天上午，他们再度拍到一只刚刚羽化的中华虎凤蝶。因为中华虎凤蝶是国家二级保护动物，不能捕捉用来制作标本，所以只留下了电子影像。
On March 11, 2024, Zhang Songkui and his team returned to Wutong Mountain, and that very afternoon located a Luehdorfia Chinensis. The next morning, they managed to photograph yet another newly emerged butterfly. As the species is classified a second-class nationally protected species in China, collecting specimens is prohibited, hence the team’s findings were exclusively digital images.
清江之畔建起模式产地纪念馆
A Memorial Hall of the Type Locality by the Qingjiang River
张松奎的这次野外调查很有收获，也给梧桐山的村民带来了很大的震动。
Zhang Songkui’s field investigation proved fruitful, causing a great stir among residents of Wutong Mountain.
覃学柱是一名从梧桐山走出去的公务员，2023年刚刚退休，他一直对挖掘和保护家乡的文化很有兴趣。覃学柱联系上张松奎，两人越聊越投机，渐渐商定出在梧桐山设立中华虎凤蝶纪念馆的想法。
Qin Xuezhu, a former civil servant born and raised in Wutong Mountain (retired in 2023), has long been passionate about preserving his hometown’s heritage. After connecting with Zhang Songkui, the two soon discovered they had many shared passions. Gradually, they conceived the idea of establishing a memorial hall dedicated to the Luehdorfia Chinensis in Wutong Mountain.
说干就干，在张松奎的专业支持下，覃学柱利用父辈留下的一栋房子，很快建起了一座“珍稀蝴蝶模式产地纪念馆”。模式产地是专业术语，是指一种生物用于命名的标本的采集地点。
The duo were quick to action, leveraging Zhang Songkui’s expertise and Qin Xuezhu’s family home to set up “the Memorial Hall of Type Locality of Rare Butterfly”. The term “type locality” is a technical term, referring to the geographic location where a specimen used in naming a particular species was collected.
覃学柱寻找到的中华虎凤蝶Luehdorfia chinensis, found by Qin Xuezhu
覃学柱的馆藏资料与展品不仅初具规模，而且档次颇高。10块展板，9个方面的内容，均由年过七旬的张松奎亲自执笔组稿，专业性极强。张松奎还从他自己“南京中华虎凤蝶自然博物馆”的展品中无偿捐赠了《中日朝蝶类志》（1893）（与长阳有关的影印件）、《蝴蝶》（1958年李传隆著）等珍贵馆藏资料。
Qin Xuezhu’s memorial hall features a comprehensive collection of high-quality artifacts. Ten informative display boards, covering nine different themes in scientific depth, were all written by Zhang Songkui, who is over seventy years old. Zhang also generously donated several of his own valuable items from Nanjing Luehdorfia Chinensis Natural Museum, including Monographic Rhopalocerorum Sino-Japonico-Coreanorum (1893) (photocopy related to Changyang County) and Butterflies (Li Chuanlong, 1958).
2024年5月，县民政部门批准覃学柱注册建立“长阳珍稀蝴蝶模式产地纪念馆”。
In May 2024, the county civil affairs department approved Qin Xuezhu’s application to register the “Changyang Memorial Hall of Type Locality of Rare Butterfly”
乡村振兴亮出一张生态新名片
A New Ecological Symbol in the Journey of Rural Revitalization
3月24日，极目新闻记者来到长阳土家族自治县龙舟坪镇晒鼓坪村，梧桐山位于晒鼓坪村三组。
On March 24, Jimu News reporters arrived in Shaiguping Village, Longzhouping Town, Changyang Tujia Autonomous County, home to Wutong Mountain.
蝴蝶纪念馆建成后，覃学柱在晒鼓坪村募集了100多名志愿者，参与到梧桐山的中华虎凤蝶保护行动中来。
Following the completion of the Butterfly Museum, Qin Xuezhu recruited over 100 volunteers from Shaiguping Village to join conservation efforts for the Luehdorfia Chinensis on Wutong Mountain.
覃学柱说，通过志愿者发动乡亲加入保护环境的行列，比如不挖细辛、不打除草剂等，还要自觉掌握中华虎凤蝶的相关知识，主动承担对外科普的义务。
Qin Xuezhu said that local villagers can be encouraged to join the environmental protection efforts, such as refraining from digging Asarum and using herbicides, and that they can also acquire knowledge about the Luehdorfia Chinensis and take the initiative to promote this knowledge to the public.
志愿者在山林巡查细辛的生长情况（通讯员供图） Volunteers patrol the mountains to inspect the growth of the Asarum plant (Courtesy of correspondent)
当天，覃学柱组织32名志愿者，在山林里巡查细辛的生长情况。长阳土家族自治县人大派驻晒鼓坪村的驻村书记苏勇表示，村民自发保护中华虎凤蝶这张生态名片，可为当地发展乡村旅游增添独特的文化标签。
The day reporters visited, Qin Xuezhu organized 32 volunteers to patrol the forest and inspect the growth of the Asarum plants. Su Yong, the village-level secretary stationed in Shaiguping Village by the People’s Congress of Changyang Tujia Autonomous County, stated that the voluntary efforts by the local community in protecting the Luehdorfia Chinensis, a significant ecological symbol, could elevate the region’s tourism.