美丽的杜公湖（通讯员供图）
美丽的杜公湖（通讯员供图）
美丽的杜公湖（通讯员供图）
极目新闻记者 孙婷婷
通讯员 刘颖 刘仪聆
翻译：邢子欣 卫拉 尹珩（湖北大学）
Jimu News Reporter: Sun Tingting
Correspondents:Liu Ying,Liu Yiling
Translators: Xing Zixin, Lisa M.K, Yin Heng (Hubei University)
11月30日，极目新闻记者了解到，武汉市文化和旅游局官网公布新评国家3A级旅游景区名单，位于东西湖区柏泉街的杜公湖国家湿地公园景区榜上有名。
On November 30th, Jimu News reporters learned that the official website of Wuhan Culture and Tourism Bureau updated the list of national 3A-level tourist attractions. Among the selected was Dugong Lake National Wetland Park, located in Baiquan Street, Dongxihu District.
柏泉山下是湖边，两岸深林散晚烟。有客挂帆归兴好，船头闲坐夕阳天。这首诗中的“湖”即杜公湖，传说当地大户人家嫁女儿时将湖水作为陪嫁。
Under the Baiquan Mountain lies the lake, with forests on both sides of the river and a scattering mist. Guests raise their sails for a delightful return, sitting leisurely at the bow under the evening sun. In this poem, the “lake” refers to Dugong Lake, where a local wealthy family is said to have gifted the lake as part of the dowry when marrying off their daughter.
传说湖水当嫁妆
Once believed to have been a maiden’s dowry
据《夏口县志》记载，杜公湖原名杜家湖，后易名为杜港湖。新中国成立后定名杜公湖，一直沿用至今。
According to Xiakou County Annals, Dugong Lake was originally named Dujia Lake, and later renamed Dugang Lake. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, the name Dugong Lake has been in usage till date.
杜公湖是柏泉地区历代民众赖以生存的湖泊，其水流经东流港、径河，汇集府河，注入长江，水质纯净，富饶美丽。民国诗人汪品三曾以一首《过柏泉山秋日漫兴》赋诗赞叹。
Dugong Lake has sustained the livelihoods of generations in the Baiquan region. Its waters flow through Dongliu Port and Jing River, converges with Fu River, and eventually joins the Yangtze River. The water is pure, and beautiful. Poet Wang Pinsan from the Republic of China era (1912-1949) once expressed his admiration through a poem titled “Passing Baiquan Mountain on a Leisurely Autumn Day.”
武汉文史专家库专家熊仁强长期研究杜公湖，他正在撰写《杜公湖志》。熊仁强介绍，关于杜公湖名字的来历，在柏泉流传一个民间版本：相传，府河对岸黄花涝有个王财主一直觊觎杜港湖。有一年发洪水，滔滔的洪水把杜港湖一带的陆地淹没了，大水无边无际。王财主趁机派人荡舟插标。水退后，插标范围内的区域就归插标者所有，于是，这个湖就成了王财主的湖。
Xiong Renqiang, a Wuhan cultural and historical expert, has been conducting long-term research on Dugong Lake, his current work being Dugong Lake Chronicle. Xiong Renqiang explains that a folk version has been circulating in Baiquan regarding the origin of the name Dugong Lake. According to the legend, across the Fu River from Huanghualao, lived a wealthy man named Wang who had long coveted Dugang Lake. One year, during a flood, the vast waters submerged the land around Dugang Lake, extending as far as the eye could see. Taking advantage of the situation, Wang dispatched people to row boats and plant boundary markers. After the water receded, he claimed the area within the marked boundaries, consequently making this lake the property of Wang.
王财主还没高兴几年，他的小女儿要出嫁了，婆家是位于柏泉邬家墩一户姓杜的人家。王财主给女儿置办了丰厚的嫁妆，然而女儿还是闷闷不乐。王财主为讨女儿欢心，就问女儿想要什么，他都能给。女儿提出将杜港湖作为嫁妆。王财主虽不情愿，但有言在先，只好答应。于是，这片湖又回到了柏泉人的手里，同时，把杜港湖更名为杜家湖。
A few years later, Wang’s youngest daughter was getting married. The groom’s family, surnamed Du, lived in Wujiadun, Baiquan. Wang spared no expense in preparing a generous dowry for his daughter. However, she remained melancholy. In an effort to please his daughter, Wang asked her what she wanted, promising to grant any request. The daughter expressed her desire for Dugang Lake to be her dowry. Reluctantly, Wang, true to his word, agreed. As a result, this lake returned to the hands of the people of Baiquan, and concurrently, Dugang Lake was renamed Dujia Lake.
沿岸渔民退塘还湖
Local fishermen in support of restoration works
56岁的童世顺是柏泉农业技术开发有限公司副经理，在他的记忆中，小时候看见的杜公湖水面宽广，湖水纯净清澈，岸边水草、芦苇葱茏，还有野莲藕，经常能够听到各种水鸟的啼鸣声。有时，他和小伙伴相约悄悄走进水草深处准备捞螃蟹，没想到惹得野鸭子受惊，扑棱棱地向四周飞奔，场面热闹极了。
Tong Shishun, now 56-year-old, is the Deputy Manager of Baiquan Agricultural Technology Development Co. When he recalls his childhood, in the wide and pure waters of the Dugong Lake, lush aquatic plants, reeds, wild lotus as well as water birds were a constant sight. The lake was also a haven for kids. Occasionally, he and his friends would secretly venture into the deep water grass to catch crabs, only to startle wild ducks that would flap and dash in all directions, creating a lively scene.
童世顺说，1958年东西湖围垦开始，他的父辈参与杜公湖围湖造塘，后来他家也承包了鱼塘，当时的杜公湖可谓一座大粮仓，这一方水土养活了一方人。后来，水质越来越差，湖面越来越小，由于湖水排泄不畅，汛期遭遇暴雨湖水陡涨，严重威胁着周边居民的生命财产安全。“洪水过后，外面成了一片汪洋，我家的鱼塘也淹了，鱼全跑光了。”童世顺说。
According to Tong, in 1958 when the reclamation of Dongxihu Lake began, his father was involved in the construction of a pond around Dugong Lake. Later, his family took on the management of a fish pond. At that time, the lake sustained the lives of many residents in the region. However, deteriorating water quality and shrinking lake size combined with higher water level due to the flood seriously threatened the people’s livelihoods. “After the floods, the area outside turned into a vast expanse of water, and our fish pond at home was also submerged. All the fish escaped.” he recalls.
曾经清澈而宽广的杜公湖，变成了柏泉人的心头之痛。2001年起，武汉市东西湖区政府开始治理杜公湖，一场“还湖工程”如火如荼进行，沿岸渔民纷纷退塘还湖。20多年的努力，通过生态移民、禁养畜禽、退渔还湿等手段，杜公湖不仅恢复了原有的水面，还增加了水域面积。花草繁盛，种类丰富，鱼翔浅底，水清岸绿。退塘还湖、生态修复的效果逐渐显现，与毗邻的“候鸟天堂”府河湿地一样，杜公湖流域如今也有候鸟光临。
The once pure and wide Dugong Lake became a cause for worry among Baiquan residents. In 2001, the government of Dongxihu District in Wuhan initiated the restoration of Dugong Lake, launching a comprehensive project themed “returning the lake”. Local fishermen actively withdrew from fish farming to contribute to the restoration efforts. After more than two decades of efforts, through measures such as ecological migration, banning livestock and poultry farming, and returning fishery areas to wetlands, Dugong Lake not only regained its original waters but also expanded its aquatic area. The results are evident: flourishing flora, diverse species, clear waters. Similar to the adjacent “Bird Paradise” Fu River Wetland, the Dugong Lake basin now also attracts migratory birds.
以前吃湖如今巡湖
From living off the lake to protecting the lake
54岁的冯红军从小在杜公湖边长大，曾经是杜公湖渔业养殖户，2018年转变了身份，受聘成为杜公湖“民间河湖长”，当起了守护杜公湖的志愿者。
54-year-old Feng Hongjun, who grew up by Dugong Lake, shifted from a fishery farmer by the Dugong Lake to “a community lakes and rivers chief” in 2018, protecting the lake as a volunteer.
冯红军说，1987年围湖养鱼，他家承包了30多亩鱼塘，当时的鱼塘紧挨着杜公湖，2003年他家退塘还湖。他工作以后，心里仍惦记着杜公湖，决定回到家乡。每天下班后，冯红军就和妻子、孩子一起沿湖捡垃圾，看着杜公湖在整治后变美了，恢复成他儿时记忆中的样子，心情好多了。
Feng said, his family had more than 30 mus of fish ponds in 1987. In 2003, they decided to withdraw from fish farming and support the restorative efforts as the area was close to the lake. Even after moving away for work, his love for Dugong Lake continued and eventually decided to return to his hometown. Every day after work, he, along with his wife and children, would clean up litter along the lake. Witnessing the positive changes in Dugong Lake after the restoration, and seeing it restore its beautiful from times past in his childhood greatly improved his mood.
成了“民间河湖长”后，冯红军每天上午和下午都要开快艇围着湖巡查40分钟，巡湖这项工作冯红军从未想过找人代替自己。“一天不看湖，心里不舒服，只有自己亲眼看了才舒服。”冯红军告诉记者，有一次下大暴雨，他就开车到杜公湖闸口附近，在车里守了一夜。
After becoming “a community lakes and rivers chief”, Feng Hongjun spends 40 minutes patrolling the lake every morning and afternoon on a speedboat. He has never considered asking someone else to complete this task on his behalf. “If I don’t visit the lake for a day, I feel uneasy, only by seeing it with my own eyes can I feel at ease.” Feng Hongjun told reporters that once during a heavy rainstorm, he drove to the Dugong Lake sluice gate, and watched the lake in his car throughout the night.
如今，杜公湖生态恢复以后，黑天鹅等候鸟也飞回来了。2021年12月，冯红军在一次巡逻中，发现了一只落单的黑天鹅，怕别人惊扰黑天鹅，他连续十天日夜守着黑天鹅，让家人送饭吃，不许任何人靠近伤害黑天鹅，直至鸟类保护救助站工作人员到来。
Now, following the ecological restoration works at Dugong Lake, black swans and other migratory birds have made a return. On one occasion during his patrols, Feng Hongjun discovered a lone black swan, and concerned that local residents might disturb the swan, Feng dedicated ten consecutive days and nights to guarding it. He had his family deliver meals and ensured that no one approached to harm the black swan until staff from the Bird Protection and Rescue Station arrived.
冯红军说，刚开始的几天，落单的黑天鹅还胡乱地飞，后来好像知道有人保护它，晚上就安静地待着了。“今天来了什么候鸟、飞走了什么候鸟，我一清二楚，这一切都是因为环境变好了，才能吸引这么多候鸟。”冯红军十分骄傲地说。
Feng said, in the first few days, the swan constantly flew around aimlessly, but later it seemed to know that someone was protecting it and stayed quiet during the night. “I know exactly the species of migratory birds that arrive and depart each day. All of this is because the environment has improved, thereby attracting so many migratory birds.” Feng said proudly.
他还建立了一支志愿巡湖小分队，一起守护这片碧水清波。
He also built a team of volunteers to patrol the lake and preserve the lucid water.
最年轻的国家湿地公园
The youngest National Wetland Park
杜公湖的生态风光和人文故事，深深融入杜公湖保护和开发之中，打造了风光旖旎、美不胜收的杜公湖湿地公园。2019年，杜公湖湿地公园正式通过加入“国家队”，是武汉市最年轻的国家级湿地公园。现今，它将以3A级景区的身份面向游客和市民。
The natural beauty and stories of Dugong Lake are deeply integrated into its conservation and development, creating the picturesque Dugong Lake Wetland Park. In 2019, the park officially joined the ranks of “national parks”, becoming the youngest national wetland park in Wuhan. Today, it welcomes visitors and locals as a 3A scenic area.
杜公湖国家湿地公园水域面积达5000亩，湿地公园含杜公湖和幺教湖两个湖面，园区分为东南西北四个区域，其中南面设有一处桨板基地，东区设有杜公湖国家湿地公园科普馆，可以了解杜公湖湿地保护历史，科普馆二楼设有一个鸟类观测望远镜，此处可眺望湖区风光。在北区，市民可欣赏草甸花海、花映山坡、荷塘花溪、彩林花道等特色景观，一年四季皆是景。
With a total water area of 5000 mu, the wetland park has two lakes, Dugong Lake and Yaojiao Lake. The park is divided into four zones in four directions, with a paddle board base in the south. In the east, lies a science museum, where one can learn about the history of wetland protection in Dugong Lake. On the second floor of the museum, a bird-watching telescope offers a birds-eye view of the lake’s scenery. In the northern zone, visitors can enjoy diverse scenery in all four seasons, from a beautiful sea of flowers on the meadow and hillside, to lotus ponds, and colorful walkways lined with flowers.
无论何时来到了杜公湖，都能收获一份独特的体验。暮春时节，人间芳菲，乱红一片，晃人眼，引蝴蝶、游蜂无数，穿花抢蕊；盛夏时节，垂柳含笑，绿意盎然，荷叶田田，曲水流觞，听溪声入梦；金秋时节，夕阳染红层云，粉黛乱子草如梦如幻；腊冬之际，候鸟云集，白鹤起舞，干枯的冬日变得温暖、五彩斑斓。
Throughout the year, any visit to Dugong Lake will always offer a unique experience. In late spring, its beauty unfolds with a riot of red flowers, dazzling the eyes. Butterflies and bees flutter among the flowers, competing for nectar. In the peak of summer, willows sway with elegance, the surroundings filled with lush greenery. Lotus leaves spread across the water, as the sound of a flowing stream lulls you into a dream. Boasting golden hues, autumn brings an evening sun that tinges the clouds with a reddish hue, while the pink Muhly Grass create a dreamlike atmosphere. As winter approaches, flocks of migratory birds gather, and white cranes dance gracefully. The once barren winter days become warm and vibrant with a kaleidoscope of colors.
时移世易，沧海桑田。以水兴城，以水兴文，以水兴人，杜公湖蕴藏着万般宝物，犹如镶嵌在大地上的明珠，把柏泉打扮得更加妩媚，更加秀美。
With the passage of time, the Dugong Lake, much like a shining gem on earth, has brought prosperity to the city, its culture and its local people with its waters, ultimately enhancing the allure and beauty of Baiquan.