他带学生变着法“玩”懂物理
Teaching Physics to Students Through “Play”
徐建峰带学生在户外进行实验 Xu Jianfeng instructing his students through outdoor experiments
楚天都市报极目新闻记者 狄鑫
摄影：楚天都市报极目新闻记者 黄士峰
实习生 田颖
通讯员 王雯婷
翻译 何凌寒 王一帆 卫拉 （湖北大学）
JIMU News
Reporter：Di Xin
Photography: Jimu News Reporter Huang Shifeng
Intern: Tian Ying
Correspondent: Wang Wenting
Translators: He Linghan, Wang Yifan, Lisa M.K (Hubei University)
“注意看，球在空中发生了什么？”3月27日午间，武汉市第四初级中学操场的一角，师生们正接力挑战脚踩平衡车抛球、急刹小推车、攀爬国旗杆。这些看似杂耍的户外游戏，其实是八年级8班的学生们，在物理老师徐建峰的指导下进行的户外力学实验。
“Look, what happens to the ball in the air”? At noon on March 27, in the corner of the playground of Wuhan No.4 Junior Middle School, teachers and students were challenging each other in a relay race involving throwing a ball while riding a balance bike, sudden braking on a small scooter, and climbing the national flag pole. These seemingly acrobatic outdoor games are actually physics experiments conducted by students from Class 8, Grade 8, under the guidance of their physics teacher, Xu Jianfeng.
本学期以来，只要天气好，徐建峰每周至少抽出两个中午，带着学生在操场上进行各种趣味实验。为了带学生变着法“玩”懂物理，这些年徐建峰积累的各种实验素材和课件，加起来有近20T。
Since this semester, as long as the weather is good, Xu Jianfeng will set aside at least two noons a week to take his students to conduct various fun experiments on the playground. In order to teach physics in a creative way, Xu Jianfeng has accumulated various experimental materials and courseware in recent years, totaling nearly 20 TB.
一学期至少10节课在户外上
A Minimum of 10 outdoor classes a semester
今年45岁的徐建峰，执教初中物理近20年，教学方法没有落入窠臼，反倒是常教常新，特别是实验课，越来越贴近当下初中生的喜好和特点。
Xu Jianfeng, 45 years old, has been teaching physics in junior high school for nearly 20 years. His teaching methods are never stuck in rut, but are instead constantly being updated. Particularly in his experimental courses, he has been incorporating more activities that are in line with the preferences and characteristics of today's junior high school students.
排球、篮球、滑板、平衡车、自行车、手推车……当天，户外物理实验课用到的道具，一半是同学们自发从家里带来的，徐老师准备用这些道具让学生“看清”惯性现象。
Volleyball, basketball, skateboard, balance bike, bicycle, cart... on that day, half of the props used for the outdoor physics experiment class were brought from home by the students. Xu prepared props to help students see clearly the phenomenon of inertia.
“我给这颗球上接了一条小尾巴，请一位同学踩在平衡车上边运动边抛球，大家注意观察小尾巴的变化。”徐老师一边介绍实验一边引导学生观察。随着球一次次被高高抛起，大家顿时有了发现：“小尾巴在向后飘动，说明由于惯性，球也在向前运动！”大家七嘴八舌地讨论起来，有人抢着参与实验，有人在报告本上记录实验过程。
“I have attached a small tail to this ball. I'll invite one of you to hop onto the balance bike and throw the ball while moving. And everyone, pay attention to the change in the small tail.” Mr. Xu introduced the experiment while guiding the students to make observations. As the ball was thrown high again and again, the students immediately made a discovery: “The small tail floats backward, indicating that the ball is also moving forward due to inertia!” Everyone discussed eagerly while some students rushed to participate in the experiment and others recorded the experiment procedure in their reports.
一看、一试、再讨论，短短10分钟，书本中的力学难点在户外实验过程中解答清楚，胜过课堂上45分钟的讲述。
After observation, experimentation, and discussion within a short 10 minutes, the difficult points of mechanics given in the textbook were explained clearly through outdoor experiments, which is better than 45 minutes of teaching in class.
“太好玩了！徐徐（学生对徐老师的昵称）又带着我们用玩的方式把知识点理解了。”学生张颖说，徐老师的每一次户外物理实验都安排在午饭后，不占用课堂，每次都能吸引很多其他班级的同学围观。“能被别的班蹭课，我们很自豪，也更珍惜独享户外实验的机会。”
“That was so fun! Xu Xu (the students' nickname for their teacher) once again helped us understand knowledge in a fun way.” said a student, Zhang Ying. Mr. Xu's outdoor physics experiments are usually scheduled after lunch, which does not consume classroom time and even attracts many students from other classes each time.” With students from other classes listening in on our class, we are proud and cherish the opportunity to enjoy outdoor experiments.”
物理课代表陈明灿介绍，这学期他们已通过户外游戏完成了不少物理实验。比如，用三棱镜在太阳光下折射七色彩虹光；比赛爬杆、爬绳，感受摩擦力方向；穿滚轴溜冰鞋比赛拔河，发现滚动摩擦力小于滑动摩擦力。“相比在物理实验室，户外做实验更过瘾，大家积极性也更高。”他说。
Chen Mingchan, class representative of Physics, introduced that they have completed many physics experiments by doing outdoor games this semester. For example, using a prism to refract the seven-color rainbow light under sunlight, climbing poles and ropes to feel the direction of friction, and competing in roller skates tug-of-war to understand that rolling friction is less than the sliding friction. He said, “It's more enjoyable to do experiments outdoors than in a physics lab, and students are more enthusiastic.”
徐建峰一学期会安排至少10节户外物理课。“青春期的学生，正是活泼爱动的年纪，也很有主见。这种人人都能动手参与的游戏实验，既符合他们的年龄特点，又能让学生眼见为实，物理教学也就不再是无根之木。”徐建峰说。
Every semester, Xu Jianfeng arranges at least 10 outdoor physics classes. “Adolescent students are active and lively, as well as strong-minded. These kinds of experiments in which everyone can participate in are both suitable for their age, and also allow students to see what they are learning in person. This way, physics is no longer a course without evidence.” Xu Jiangfeng said.
实验素材和课件存满4个硬盘
Experimental material and courseware fill four hard drives
2002年，徐建峰毕业于江汉大学体育教育专业，最初以体育教师的身份入行。彼时因所在的中学急缺物理老师，一直对物理饶有兴趣的徐建峰，被校长委任为兼职物理老师。第二年，因教学出色，他就“转正”成为一名专职物理老师。
In 2002, Xu Jingfeng graduated from Jianghan University with a major in physical education, and initially joined the teaching profession as a physical education teacher. Xu Jianfen, who had always been interested in physics, was appointed as a part-time physics teacher by the principal due to a shortage of physics teachers. In the following year, he became a full-time physics teacher for his excellent performance.
徐建峰回忆，自己是因为兴趣而转行教物理的，但他总觉得教室里的实验条件有些束手束脚。为此，他尝试运用多媒体设备投屏、增高讲台，2019年起，他干脆带学生走出教室，用加大版的实验道具进行实验。现在他已经设计了10余种户外实验项目，同一类型的实验工具还经历了“换代升级”。
Xu Jianfeng recalled that he switched to teaching physics because of his keen interest, but he always found the experimental conditions in the classroom were limiting. To this end, he attempted to apply multimedia devices to project screens and raise the platform. Since 2019, he began taking his students out of the classroom and conducted experiments with enlarged experimental props. He has now designed more than 10 kinds of outdoor experimental projects, and also upgraded his experimental tools of the same types.
年级组长潘启革指着办公室里五颜六色的瓶瓶罐罐说：“徐老师已经是武汉市硚口区的物理学科带头人，但他每次上新课前还是会在办公室演练要做的实验，琢磨怎样站在学生的角度去理解物理现象。”
The grade's group leader Pan Qige pointed to the colorful bottles in his office and said, “Mr. Xu is already the leader of the physics discipline in Wuhan's Qiaokou District. However, before each new lesson, he does the experiments first by himself in the office and works out how to understand physical phenomena from the perspective of students.”
儿子的电磁玩具、冷冻生鲜的干冰、商场的手扶电梯、路边铺沥青的摊铺机……徐建峰的手机相册里攒着各种生活中的物理场景和他随手拍下的蕴藏着物理现象的视频。“我已经存满了4个硬盘，总共20T的教学素材，源源不断供学生使用。”徐老师说，“物理是用来解释生活的学科，想学好物理首先得热爱生活。”
Xu Jianfeng's mobile phone album is full of scenarios and videos from his daily life depicting physical phenomena, including his son's electromagnetic toys, dry ice for freezing fresh food, handrails on escalators in malls, the asphalt paving machines on the roadside and so on. “I have already filled all my 4 hard drives with a total of 20 TB teaching materials, a constant source for students to use.” Mr. Xu said, “Physics is a discipline used to explain life, and if you want to learn physics well, you should first love life.”
他给作业打分只有A和A＋
He only grades assignments with A and A+
徐建峰说，教学必须依据学生的特点和学情及时调整。徐建峰在训练方式、作业布置、教学资源的发掘上都有其独特的做法。每次物理课，他都会准备巴掌大的“小试卷”，一般是三到四个小题组成的知识点过关题，在打铃后的5分钟内完成。“这道题的配图好眼熟，这不就是我吗！”有同学发现小试卷的示例图被替换成自己户外实验的照片，做起题来很有代入感。
Xu Jianfeng said that teaching methods must be adjusted in a timely manner based on students' characteristics and learning conditions. And he has his unique methods in training students, assigning homework, and discovering teaching resources. For each physics class, he prepares a palm-sized quiz paper, which usually consists of three or four short questions that students are required to complete within five minutes after the bell rings. “The picture in this question looks familiar, isn't that me?” Some students found that the pictures in the quiz had been replaced with photos of their own outdoor experiments, which made it easier for them to identify with the questions.
徐建峰和物理组老师们搭建“四初快乐物理学习QQ群”，成为800多名学生的专属“物理加油站”。老师们不仅把课堂上的实验通过视频再次发布，还通过课前发布预习视频、重难点辅导、错题辅导等环节全方位督促和辅导学生们的物理学习。
Xu Jianfeng and the other teachers in the physics group formed a “QQ Group for Happy Physics Learning in Wuhan No.4 Fourth Junior High School”, which became an exclusive “physics learning station” for more than 800 students. The teachers not only re-published videos of experiments learnt earlier in class, but also urged and guided students' learning in an all-round way by releasing preview videos before class, tutoring the key points, and offering guidance on mistakes.
学生刘煦可说：“徐老师批改作业只有A 和A+两种等级，让我们有信心学好这门课。”徐建峰解释，新课阶段他允许学生们大胆试错，只要有思考的过程，他都会给予认可。
“Mr. Xu only gave A and A+, which has made us confident that we can learn the course well,” said Liu Xuke, one of his students. Xu explained that he encourages his students to make bold attempts and mistakes when they are learning a new lesson. As long as there are actively thinking, he always appreciates their efforts.
教学生观察生活中的科学
Teaching students to observe science in life
“徐老师不仅传授知识，更把学科素养注入学生的成长，让孩子们勤于观察，善于思考，培养了他们的探究精神。”该校教学副校长黄昕说，徐老师将教学实施与德育行为相融合，每一届的学生都喜欢上徐老师的课，“这就是对一位老师最大的认可。”
“Mr. Xu not only imparts knowledge, but also works to improve students' academic literacy. With his help, they have become observant and thoughtful, and further developed their inquisitiveness.” said Huang Xin, the school's vice president of teaching. Mr. Xu integrates knowledge teaching with morality training perfectly. Every class of students like his class, “this is the greatest recognition for a teacher.”
八年级学生汪家熠是个“科学迷”，经常效仿徐老师研究生活中的物理现象。汪妈妈说：“出门散步时，儿子指着汉江湾桥给我讲热胀冷缩，他的游戏时间变成了用凸透镜在树叶上刻花纹，还让我给他攒瓶子做水瓶琴实验。”
Wang Jiayi, an eighth-grader, is a “science fan”. He often imitates Xu in studying physical phenomena in his daily life. Wang's mother said, “Once when my son and I went for a walk, he pointed to the Hanjiangwan Bridge and told me about thermal expansion and contraction. He had fun carving patterns on leaves with a convex lens and asked me to collect bottles for him to do experiments with.”
一次升旗仪式，徐建峰在汪家熠的配合下，给全校同学上演了“干冰升华”和“水瓶琴演奏”的实验，引发全校师生欢呼。受到鼓舞的汪家熠，更加热爱科学了。
In a flag-raising ceremony, Xu Jianfeng and Wang Jiayi showed the experiment of “dry ice sublimation” and “water bottles' music performance”, which impressed the whole school. Wang was inspired by this reaction and became more passionate about science.
“徐老师是完美老师的代表。”在汪妈妈眼里，徐老师教学上严谨认真，育人时懂得聆听和尊重学生。“网课期间，我也旁听过徐老师的课，很有代入感，学生的想法，他会花心思去实现。初中阶段能遇到徐老师，是我们孩子的幸运。”汪妈妈说。
“Mr. Xu is an example of a perfect teacher.” In the eyes of Wang's mother, Mr. Xu is rigorous and serious in his teaching, and knows how to listen to and respect his students' opinions. “I also attended Mr. Xu's online class, and found it very intriguing. He puts effort into realizing students' ideas. Our children are fortunate to meet Mr. Xu in junior middle school.” said Wang's mother.